Space missions and spacecrafts are the cornerstone of humanity’s push beyond Earth. These marvels of engineering help us study distant worlds, understand cosmic phenomena, and even prepare for human colonization of other planets.

• Apollo 11: First human Moon landing in 1969 — a defining moment in space history.
• Voyager 1 & 2: Interstellar probes still sending data decades later from beyond the solar system.
• Perseverance: NASA’s Mars rover searching for signs of ancient life and collecting rock samples.
• Chandrayaan & Mangalyaan: India’s ambitious lunar and Mars missions showcasing cost-effective innovation.

• Orbiters: Designed to circle planets or moons (e.g., Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter).
• Landers: Stationary units that touch down and analyze surface conditions (e.g., InSight).
• Rovers: Mobile labs that explore terrain, collect samples, and relay images (e.g., Curiosity, Zhurong).
• Probes: Uncrewed missions flying by or diving into celestial bodies (e.g., Parker Solar Probe).
• Crewed Spacecraft: Designed to carry astronauts (e.g., Orion, Soyuz, Dragon).

Next-gen missions like NASA’s Artemis, ISRO’s Gaganyaan, and JAXA’s LUPEX are set to explore the Moon, Mars, and beyond. Advanced spacecraft will support long-duration human missions, robotic outposts, and even interstellar research.

From historic triumphs to future frontiers, missions and spacecrafts tell the ongoing story of human curiosity and cosmic ambition.